开关电源与线性电源一体化开关电源,高频开关电源, 室外电源机柜,室内电源机柜, 华为开关电源

开关电源

    开关电源的原理： 开关电源主要包括输入电网滤波器、输入整流滤波器、逆变器、输出整流滤波器、控制电路、保护电路。 它们的功能是：

1．输入电网滤波器：消除来自电网，如电动机的启动、电器的开关、雷击等产生的干扰，同时也防止开关电源产生的高频噪声向电网扩散。

2．输入整流滤波器：将电网输入电压进行整流滤波，为变换器提供直流电压。

3．逆变器：是开关电源的关键部分。它把直流电压变换成高频交流电压，并且起到将输出部分与输入电网隔离的作用。

4．输出整流滤波器：将变换器输出的高频交流电压整流滤波得到需要的直流电压，同时还防止高频噪声对负载的干扰。

5．控制电路：检测输出直流电压，并将其与基准电压比较，进行放大。调制振荡器的脉冲宽度，从而控制变换器以保持输出电压的稳定。

6．保护电路：当开关电源发生过电压、过电流短路时，保护电路使开关电源停止工作以保护负载和电源本身。 开关电源是将交流电先整流成直流电，在将直流逆变成交流电，在整流输出成所需要的直流电压。这样开关电源省去下线性电源中的变压器，以及电压反馈电路。而开关电源中的逆变电路完全是数字调整，同样能达到非常高的调整精度。

    开关电源的主要优点：体积小、重量轻（体积和重量只有线性电源的20～30%）、效率高（一般为60～70%，而线性电源只有30～40%）、自身抗干扰性强、输出电压范围宽、模块化。

    开关电源的主要缺点：由于逆变电路中会产生高频电压，对周围设备有一定的干扰。需要良好的屏蔽及接地。

线性电源

    线性电源的原理 线性电源主要包括工频变压器、输出整流滤波器、控制电路、保护电路等。

    线性电源是先将交流电经过变压器变压，再经过整流电路整流滤波得到未稳定的直流电压，要达到高精度的直流电压，必须经过电压反馈调整输出电压，这种电源技术很成熟，可以达到很高的稳定度，波纹也很小，而且没有开关电源具有的干扰与噪音。但是它的缺点是需要庞大而笨重的变压器，所需的滤波电容的体积和重量也相当大，而且电压反馈电路是工作在线性状态，调整管上有一定的电压降，在输出较大工作电流时，致使调整管的功耗太大，转换效率低，还要安装很大的散热片。

    这种电源不适合计算机等设备的需要，将逐步被开关电源所取代。

Switching Mode Power Supply

The principle of switching power supply: switching power supply mainly includes input power grid filter, input rectifier filter, inverter, output rectifier filter, control circuit, protection circuit. Their functions are:

1. input power grid filter: eliminate interference from power grid, such as electric motor start, switch of electric appliance, lightning strike and so on. At the same time, it also prevents the high frequency noise from switching power supply to spread to the power grid.

2. input rectifier filter: rectifier input of grid input voltage to provide DC voltage for converter.

3. inverter: it is the key part of the switching power supply. It transforms DC voltage into high frequency AC voltage, and plays the role of isolating the output part from the input power grid.

The 4. output rectifier filter: the required DC voltage is obtained by the high frequency AC voltage rectifying filter output by the converter, and the interference of the high frequency noise to the load is also prevented.

5. control circuit: detect output DC voltage and amplify it with reference voltage. The pulse width of the oscillator is modulated to control the converter to maintain the stability of the output voltage.

6. protection circuit: when the switching power supply has overvoltage and over current short circuit, the protection circuit will stop the switching power supply to protect the load and the power itself. Switching power supply is to convert AC into DC power, and turn DC into AC, and output DC voltage needed for rectification. In this way, the switching power supply eliminates the transformer in the linear power supply and the voltage feedback circuit. The inverter circuit in the switching power supply is entirely digital adjustment, and it can also achieve very high adjustment accuracy.

The main advantages of switching power supply: small volume, light weight (20 to 30% of linear power supply), high efficiency (60 to 70%, and only 30 to 40%), strong anti-interference, wide range of output voltage and modularization.

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The main disadvantage of switching power supply: because of the high frequency voltage generated in the inverter circuit, there is a certain disturbance to the surrounding equipment. Good shielding and grounding are required.

Linear power supply

The principle of linear power supply linear power supply mainly includes power frequency transformer, output rectifier filter, control circuit, protection circuit and so on.

Linear power is first to change the AC power through transformer voltage, and then through rectifier circuit rectification filter to get the unstable DC voltage. To achieve high precision DC voltage, the output voltage must be adjusted through voltage feedback. This power supply technology is very mature, can achieve a very high stability, the ripple is also very small, and is not open. The power supply has interference and noise. But its disadvantage is the need for a large and heavy transformer, the required volume and weight of the filter capacitance, and the voltage feedback circuit is working in a linear state, the adjustment tube has a certain voltage drop. When the output current is large, the power consumption of the adjusting tube is too large, the conversion efficiency is low, and it is also installed very well. Large radiators.

This power supply is not suitable for the needs of computers and other equipment, and will gradually be replaced by switching power supply.