华为48V直流通信高频开关电源柜解决方案

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咚！一声锣响，中国铁塔股份有限公司正式在香港上市，在圆满完成当初定下的“三步走”战略的同时，也创下了一个纪录：募集资金约543亿港元，成为今年以来全球最大IPO。

这一声锣响，敲出了一个估值千亿级别的“巨无霸”，也敲出了三个问号。投资者最关心的是铁塔公司如何摆脱对三大运营商的依赖？同行最关心的是铁塔公司是否还会招人？内部员工最关心的是上市后是否会实行全员持股？

第一问 能否摆脱对三大运营商的依赖？

在招股书里，铁塔公司十分坦诚地提示了风险，那就是它对三大运营商的过度依赖。毕竟，铁塔公司近99%的收入来自运营商，这是它最大的心病，铁塔公司自己给出的解决之道是深化共享做后盾，5G建设秀肌肉。

三大运营商既是股东又是客户，所以铁塔公司的议价能力较低。这从博弈了半年之久的《商务定价协议》就可以看出，双方就铁塔的租金一直谈不妥，站在运营商的立场，将铁塔交给铁塔公司建设运维后，成本就无法灵活控制；站在铁塔公司的立场，房租等成本压力很大，只能尽力控制成本。好不容易签订了协议，运营商还一度降低租金，因此当年塔类业务收入减少了近41亿元人民币。要知道，2017年，铁塔公司的税前利润只有26.85亿元人民币。

当然，铁塔公司上市是双赢之举。

上市后，铁塔公司有钱了，30%用于偿还资本开支及运营资金的银行贷款，可以解决自身负债高的问题。另一方面，可以有资金来投入新的业务增长点。

5G是铁塔公司的开源契机，根据沙利文报告，到2022年，预计中国市场5G基站数量将达到243万座，目前铁塔公司手里的铁塔数量是187万多座，占中国市场的份额为96.3%，由此推算，中国市场目前共有194万座左右。未来四年，中国还需新建49万座铁塔来应对5G的需求，这相当于铁塔公司过去三年新建的铁塔数量。

深化共享模式是铁塔公司的节流之举，通信塔和社会塔的双向开放共享是接下来的重点计划。目前，铁塔公司可以统筹的杆塔资源库已经达到千万级别，包括700多万路灯杆、监控杆，300多万电力塔以及187万存量铁塔。

通过利用社会塔改造基站，铁塔公司已经节省了2亿元投资额。截至今年6月，其跨行业租户的数量由2000多个快速增长至5.7万个，2018年上半年收入3.7亿元，去年全年收入1.7亿元，收入规模增加了一倍多，但对整体收入的贡献还不大。

可以看出，铁塔公司想要尽力改变对三大运营商过度依赖的问题，但在新业务未成规模之前，铁塔公司仍旧会面临盈利难的问题。

第二问 上市后是否会实行员工持股？

不久之前，小米上市了，超过三分之一的员工持股，一时之间，“我是小米第n号员工”，成了一种炫富句式。

在铁塔公司上市前夕，员工内心也一直满怀期待。在与多位铁塔公司内部员工交流后发现，股权激励一直是潜在驱动力。

上市是铁塔公司成立之初的既定目标，当初做出“走！去铁塔公司应聘去”这个决定时，最大的动力是压力，面对无休止的指标压力，累觉不爱。但更大的动力是，面对几年甚至十年不涨的工资，满怀全员持股的期待，他们选择出走，到铁塔公司去赌一把。毕竟，成为“元老”才有“我是铁塔公司第n号员工”的那一天。

“移动来的略降，联通来的略涨，电信来的持平。”长久以来，铁塔公司同岗不同酬的现象一直困扰着员工，因为薪酬考虑了原有运营商薪酬继承的问题，必然会有所失衡，铁塔公司急需新的激励机制来平衡前三大运营商员工之间的差距，同时激发员工的新活力。

如今，铁塔公司董事长佟吉禄在上市时透露风声：“上市令公司资金更充足了，计划明年实行期权激励计划。”

相比小米这类互联网公司的激进，带有国企基因的铁塔公司会显得更加“平等”与温和。全员持股的可能性不大，但向来强调扁平化的铁塔公司，可能会比联通混改时股权激励的力度更大。

第三问 人手短缺问题何时能解？

在铁塔公司的官网可以发现，各个省公司最近都开启了火热的社招，粗略计算，全国至少要招聘2400多人。这个数量，相当于它在2015年首次面向社会招聘的规模。

2015年5月，成立不久的铁塔公司正面对着存量接收和新建铁塔的双重压力，员工感叹“5+2”、“白+黑”都不够用。之后的两3年时间里，分批社招的总量在运营商元老员工的基础上翻番。即便如此，铁塔公司目前也只有15000多名员工。

在过去3年时间里，这15000多人再造了一个全球最大的铁塔公司。

目前，中国铁塔拥有187万多座铁塔，而美国铁塔总量只有20万座左右。按国土面积算，中国每10平方公里的铁塔数量为5.3座，而美国仅为0.4座。中国铁塔这个“巨无霸”的诞生，首先得益于中国三大运营商的存量铁塔资源，虽然站在巨人的肩膀上，它自我奔跑的速度也是惊人的。

2017年，每天中国铁塔竖起的铁塔约460个，美国过去花3年时间建成的铁塔数量，中国只花了3个月就完成了。中国铁塔创造了中国速度，也面临着人手短缺的困境。

为什么在上市这个时间点开始社招？因为上市后，要对所有股东负责，盈利便成了铁塔公司最大的目标，要开展新业务，其现有员工数量已经不能很好地支撑。

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Thump! With the sound of a gong, China Tower Co., Ltd. officially listed in Hong Kong, successfully completed the original "three-step" strategy, but also set a record: about 54.3 billion Hong Kong dollars raised, the world's largest IPO so far this year.

This Gong rang out a big Mac worth 100 billion, and knocked out three question marks. Investors are most concerned about how tower companies get rid of their dependence on the three carriers. Colleagues are most concerned about whether the tower company will recruit people. The most important concern of internal staff is whether full shareholding will be implemented after the listing.

First, can we get rid of the dependence on the three operators?

In the prospectus, the company was very honest about the risk of over-reliance on the three operators. After all, nearly 99% of the tower company's revenue comes from operators, which is its biggest heart disease, the tower company's own solution is to deepen the sharing of backing, 5G building show muscle.

The three operators are both shareholders and customers, so the bargaining power of the tower company is relatively low. This can be seen from the game for half a year, "Business Pricing Agreement" can be seen, both sides on the tower rent has been inappropriate, standing in the position of operators, the tower will be handed over to the tower company construction and maintenance, the cost can not be flexibly controlled; stand in the position of the tower company, rent and other costs are very high pressure, can only be controlled as far as possible. Ben. After a deal was signed, operators once reduced their rents, resulting in a reduction of nearly 4.1 billion yuan in tower business revenue. You know, in 2017, the pre tax profit of the tower company was only 2 billion 685 million yuan.

Of course, the listing of the tower company is a win-win move.

After listing, the tower company is rich, 30% of the bank loans used to repay capital expenditure and operating capital can solve the problem of high debt. On the other hand, there can be money to invest in new business growth.

According to Sullivan's report, the number of 5G base stations in the Chinese market is expected to reach 2.43 million by 2022. At present, the number of iron towers in the hands of the iron tower company is more than 1.87 million, accounting for 96.3% of the Chinese market. Thus, China's market currently has a total of about 1.94 million.  Over the next four years, China will need 490,000 new towers to meet 5G demand, equivalent to the number of new towers built by the tower company in the past three years.

Deepening the sharing mode is a cost-saving move for the Tower Company, and the two-way open sharing of the communication tower and the social tower is the next key plan. At present, the pole tower resource pool that the tower company can co-ordinate has reached 10 million levels, including more than 7 million lamp poles, monitoring poles, more than 3 million power towers and 1.87 million iron towers.

By using the social tower to transform the base station, the tower company has saved 200 million yuan investment. As of June this year, the number of cross-industry tenants has increased rapidly from more than 2,000 to 57,000, with an income of 370 million yuan in the first half of 2018 and 170 million yuan in the whole year last year, more than doubling the income scale, but the contribution to the overall income is still small.

It can be seen that the tower company wants to try to change the problem of over-reliance on the three major operators, but before the new business scale, the tower company will still face profitability problems.

Second asked whether the implementation of employee stock ownership after listing?

Not long ago, millet went public, with more than a third of its employees holding shares, and for a moment, "I'm Millet Number N" became a flashy rich sentence.

On the eve of the listing of the tower company, employees are always looking forward to it. After communicating with many internal employees of the tower company, equity incentive has always been a potential driving force.

Listing is the established goal of the tower company at the beginning of its establishment. The biggest motivation for the decision to apply for a job at the Tower Company was pressure, tiredness and dislike in the face of endless pressure from indicators. But the bigger motivation is that, in the face of years or even decades of wage inflation, full of expectations of full ownership, they choose to leave, to the tower company to gamble. After all, becoming "the elder" is the only day when I am an employee of tower company n.

"Mobile comes slightly down, Unicom is rising slightly, telecommunications is flat." For a long time, the phenomenon of unequal pay for the same post in the tower company has been plagued by employees, because the salary considers the inheritance of the original operator salary, there will inevitably be some imbalance. The tower company urgently needs a new incentive mechanism to balance the gap between the employees of the top three operators, while stimulating the new vitality of employees.

Today, Tong Jilu, chairman of the iron tower company, disclosed in the listing that "the listing has made the company more fully funded, and plans to implement an option incentive plan next year."

Compared to the radicalization of Internet companies like millet, the iron tower companies with the genes of state-owned enterprises will appear more "equal" and gentle. Whole-ownership is unlikely, but the iron tower company, which has always emphasized flattening, may be more vigorous in equity incentives than Unicom when it was mixed up.

Third when can we solve the problem of shortage of manpower?

In the official website of the Tower Company, companies in various provinces have recently launched a hot social recruitment, rough calculation, the country to recruit at least 2,400 people. This quantity,

华为48V直流通信高频开关电源柜解决方案